For more than sixty years, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank together with their partner regional development banks and export credit agencies, have used international finance capital to exercise control and restructure the societies of the South to serve the interests of global private corporations and the economic and geo-political agenda of the few powerful nations that control these institutions. The resulting effects on people's lives, on communities, on the environment, and on the economic as well as political structures in the South have been profound and over the years have generated numerous resistance struggles against these institutions.


Despite well-documented evidence and countless testimonies to the destruction, displacement and dispossession their policies and operations have caused, these institutions persist in legitimizing their role. In recent years they have declared themselves to be champions of "poverty reduction" and "good governance."


This year, 2006, we pledge to intensify our struggles against these institutions and raise the level of international coordination and concerted action. In particular, we commit to organizing different forms of mobilization and direct action in many countries across the globe during the week of the IMF and WB Annual Meetings, September 14-20, 2006. This will include various activities and actions in the vicinity of their meetings in Singapore.


WE CALL on all people's organizations, social movements, labor movements, women's movements, farmers groups, first peoples, religious and cultural groups, community organizations, NGOs, political forces, and all concerned citizens around the world to join us in mounting vigorous actions that will focus the world's attention on the destruction and human rights violations caused by the IMF and World Bank, the regional development banks, export credit agencies, and the neoliberal global system they enforce.


Our actions will identify issues and articulate demands that reflect the particular impacts of these institutions on each of our countries but will also be united on the following global demands:


1. Immediate and 100% cancellation of multilateral debts as part of the total cancellation of debts claimed from the South, without externally imposed conditionalities.


The inhuman and destructive consequences of debt domination which the international financial institutions play a major part in perpetuating are evidence against the outrageously deceitful claim of these institutions that they are working for "poverty reduction" and "financing for development."


Debt relief initiatives of international financial institutions have to date covered only a very small part of the debt claimed from the South. Worse, these initiatives come with conditions that undermine the sovereignty of people to determine their own path of development, have proven harmful to livelihoods and the environment, and keep South economies tied to the interests of global private profit.


Cancellation of only a small part of the debt may release some funds that can be used for basic services but does not free the South from debt bondage. Debt cancellation must be 100%.


And for immediate action, we highlight the especially urgent cases - most of Africa, Haiti, Nepal, Tsunami-hit countries and others recently devastated by natural calamities, countries ravaged by war, societies overwhelmed by HIV/AIDS, and others experiencing severe social, financial and economic crisis.


We reject the international financial institutions' "debt sustainability" framework. There is no level of debt that is "sustainable" in a global economic system that is founded on domination and exploitation of the peoples, economies and resources of the South. This framework is a means by which these institutions justify maintaining the "indebtedness" of Southern countries.


The insistence on their "debt sustainability framework" is also a refusal to address the more fundamental question of the illegitimacy of the debt claimed from the South. Peoples of the South should not be made to pay for illegitimate debts -- debts they have not benefited from, debts that financed projects that have caused displacement of communities and damage to the environment, debts wasted on corruption or failed projects, debts contracted through undemocratic and fraudulent means, debts with grossly unfair terms and harmful conditions, odious debts incurred by dictatorships, debt contracted in the context of exploitative international economic relations, debts for which peoples of the South have paid many times over.


Though the financial debts claimed from the South are of staggering amounts, totaling more than US$2.3 trillion dollars, the North in fact owes the peoples of the South a far, far greater debt. It is the historical, economic, social, and ecological debt accumulated over centuries of plunder and exploitation by North with the collaboration of Southern elites.


The IMF and the World Bank should bear the costs of writing off debts owed to them by using the World Bank's loan loss provisions (valued at US$3 billion as of June 30, 2005) and retained earnings (valued at US$27 billion as of June 30, 2005) and IMF gold stocks. With the market price of gold surpassing US$600 an ounce, the IMF's 103.4 million ounces of gold are worth more than US$60 billion, rather than the US$9 billion recorded on the IMF's books.


2. Open, transparent and participatory External Audit of the lending operations and related policies of the International Financial Institutions, beginning with the World Bank and IMF.


Debt campaigns, movements, people's organizations, and NGOs are now involved in preparing for and conducting country-level independent Citizens' Audits of Debts claimed from South countries as well as calling on South governments to conduct transparent, open and participatory Government Audits (e.g. Parliamentary) of these debts. These audits are aimed at examining the origins and causes of the debt problem, taking stock of effects and impacts, bringing to light the dubious and illegitimate character of the debts, identifying responsibility and accountability, and establishing and strengthening the basis for urgent changes in national policies on the debt and related issues.


We challenge the international financial institutions to subject themselves to similar independent audits of the loans they have released, their lending policies, processes and operations, and the terms and conditionalities that have accompanied these loans, and take stock of the effects and impacts. Such audits should look into the culpability and accountability of these international financial institutions, and asses what restitution and reparations must be made.


The international financial institutions have recently been stepping up efforts to portray themselves as champions of good governance, including the announcement of renewed efforts and strategies to fight corruption. We challenge these institutions to begin with themselves and examine how they have been involved in creating and exacerbating the problem of corruption. External, independent audits of their loans, lending operations and conditionalities should include this question. Further, corruption must be seen as a systemic problem that also involves the private sector, especially transnational corporations.


3. Stop the imposition of conditions and the promotion of neoliberal policies and projects.


Through the conditions attached to their loans and programs, the IMF and World Bank have succeeded in restructuring the global economy. The widespread use of "structural adjustment programs" from the early 1980s in countries with significant debt, poverty, and financial problems has forced most of the South countries' economic policies to ape those of the industrialized countries, regardless of how inappropriate those policies may have been for the countries' development needs. Because of the imposition of neo-liberal policies on countries desperate for access to credit, peoples across the South now confront economies oriented to export production rather than providing for local markets, devastated manufacturing sectors, a large percentage of economic actors in foreign hands, valuable public assets privatized, health and other social sectors crippled by decades of de-funding, environmental resources devastated by over-exploitation, small farms and businesses wiped out by denial of credit and subsidies, and massive unemployment.


Our struggle against debt domination is waged in large part to win freedom from the conditions that indebted governments are blackmailed into accepting. For the September 2006 actions we demand:


a. In this 50th anniversary year of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IFIs end the promotion of privatization of public services and the use of public resources to support private profits.


The IMF and especially the World Bank have been the main drivers in the global push for the privatization of basic services. They are joined by other financial institutions like regional development banks and export credit agencies.


The international financial institutions promote privatization of public services through policy conditions and policy advice, financing of projects that pave the way for privatization, providing technical assistance in the preparation of feasibility studies as well as the process of implementation, and even direct support for private companies taking over public utilities. The International Finance Corporation plays a major role in providing risk guarantees as well as equity assistance for these private companies, and facilitating government bail-outs of privatized utilities in distress.


The continued emphasis on privatizing basic services such as water provision - or, when no company is interested in purchasing the utility, arranging leases and service contracts - and the "commercialization" of even life-saving agencies such as those managing food reserves reflects a fixation on markets as the only organizing principle for economies even in the face of overwhelming contradictory evidence. Failure after failure of water privatizations in the South has not deterred the IFIs from their mission to wrest assets from public ownership.


Our message to the IFC and its multilateral partners is clear: no more public resources for support of private profit.


b. Stop IFI funding and involvement in environmentally destructive projects beginning with big dams, oil, gas and mining and implement the major recommendations of the Extractive Industries Review.


The international financial institutions are also presenting themselves as leading in the fight against climate change and environmental destruction. However, no amount of clever rhetoric about stronger commitments and new strategies can hide the fact that many projects designed, driven and supported by international financial institutions violate the already watered-down standards and safeguards avowed by these same institutions and cause massive environmental as well as social problems.


The World Bank is itself a major ecological debtor, having funded major projects such as hydro-electric dams, mines, pipelines and petroleum exploration and development projects which have displaced populations and wrought major environmental damage. The World Bank has refused to implement major recommendations of its own Extractive Industries Review including 1) the principle that communities faced with resource extraction projects must give free, prior and informed consent, 2) and the phase out of investment in hydrocarbon extraction projects.


The World Bank's attempt to claim leadership on the issue of climate change with the application of its development of carbon credit trading is another tragic example of market fundamentalism. Entrusting the precarious future of the world's climate to the World Bank's clever market solutions distracts the major actors from focusing on the over-consumption that threaten to doom the planet and all who live on it. Meanwhile, the World Bank Group, which claims leadership in developing alternative energy, devotes much greater resources to developing conventional energy sources. Indeed, the World Bank is the world's leading financer of projects producing greenhouse gases.


c. Immediately stop imposing conditions that exacerbate health crises like the AIDS pandemic and make restitution for past practices such as requiring user fees for public education and health care services.


IFI policies have aggravated health crises like the AIDS pandemic in a number of ways. Austerity measures have constrained health budgets, prevented the hiring of critically needed teachers and health care workers due to limits on spending for public sector employees, and kept people out of clinics and children away from schools by insisting on user fees. The macroeconomic policies the International Financial Institutions have imposed over the last 25 years - including fiscal austerity, high interest rates, unilateral trade liberalization and privatization of essential services - have led to lower growth rates and fewer improvements in social indicators than had occurred over the two decades between 1960 and 1980.


The IFIs owe an enormous social debt to countries whose public services have been damaged by their policies. Their creditors are the women of South countries, who have had to step in to provide the health care, the food, the teaching, the water, and the other basic goods and services put out of reach by IFI policies. The World Bank and the IMF should pay for free primary education and primary health care as a form of reparations or restitution for the damage their policies have caused.


Bankruptcy as an End to Debt

As the recent recession spreads and increasing numbers of people are finding themselves unable to keep up with their debt schedules, bankruptcy has increasingly become an option.  While filing for bankruptcy has negative connotations, in fact it serves as a reprieve from mounting financial pressures.  The deeper into debt one becomes, the harder it is to find a way to alleviate compounding late fees and penalties.  Bankruptcy provides a solution to the seemingly endless cycle of increasing debt that many people are stuck in today.

The best way to avoid falling into debt is to decrease spending on “luxury” items.  We have been taught to use credit cards as a way to get what we want, when we want it, rather than saving money and buying things we can afford with money we have.  Credit cards can be a valuable economic resource, but only if used wisely.  It is best to pay off lines of credit immediately.  This positively effects credit-rating and also ensures that the purchaser will not be subject to inflated interest rates later on.  The issuers of credit cards make their profit on continuously charging interest on the same money over and over.  Failing to pay off significant amounts of a credit line leads to financial disaster if the same technique is applied multiple times.  Pretty soon the debtor will find themselves in over their head, buried in an avalanche of increased rates and fees.

Filing bankruptcy can put a stop to the whirlpool of financial despair.  Consolidating your debt and applying a structured re-payment plan can be effective, but in the hands of a qualified bankruptcy expert, not only can you learn how to understand your debt, but also reduce the amount that you owe.  There is no shame in seeking bankruptcy.  It is, simply put, often the most financially responsible action that someone with debt can seek.

Health Care Debt Crisis

Health care spending is one of the major issues many countries are facing today, many countries are already spending way more on health care than they can afford, unfortunately the problem is projected to get worse since health care costs are growing really fast and really steadily. Health care spending is a large part of the budget were many developed countries, and none of them really have an answer to how they’re going to handle their health care expenses in the not too far future. While there are many models around the world not of them is a projected good outcome, they’re all just still operating for the time being and that’s just it. The real problems are the medical costs which are going up in an insane rate and there is no real practical answer how to cut these costs.

There are many interconnected factors here; education costs for doctors are really high and before even starting working as a doctor they are already buried in outrageous debts that they have to pay off. In addition all the medical equipment is really expensive both to buy and maintain, there are many requirements and regulations that are necessary to meet in order for the medical petitioner to operate, including buying insurance policies for possible liabilities that can occur during treatments, surgeries etc. And the chain goes on. For the costs to go down every component of this chain needs to be changed completely, which is easy to say that it needs to be changed but practically impossible task to achieve. And this chain is also involved the entire pharmaceutical industry and the prices are regulations for medications. The most prescribed medication in many developed countries is cholesterol-lowering medication, and statins are the most widespread of them. The reason that these medications play a sensible role in health-care costs is because of the chronic conditions associated with them. Cholesterol problems are widespread especially in the United States, many suffer from high cholesterol because of the diet, lifestyle and genetic disposition. While changing diet and lifestyle habits usually helps to decrease cholesterol levels, the decree is usually not enough and many have to take medications to control the condition for years. Another chronic serious problem is diabetes. Diabetes lasts a lifetime and needs to be treated constantly. Many chronic conditions put a huge burden on the health care system and healthcare costs. While there is a trend of choosing healthier lifestyle and healthier diet is not exactly clear how much it will take the burden off of the system. It’s apparent that the problem is very complicated, however, it is also apparent that he needs to be dealt with because not addressing it and pushing it forward the way It is will lead to an inevitable collapse of the world economy and is likely to have grave consequences.

In addition to these complications there are also political gains and corporate gains that stand on the way of improvements. Partisan politics all around the world are really concerned with elections, power grabs, monetary gains and other types of self-gains and hardly are concerned about fixing the issues. Politicians are likely to offer benefits and other entitlements in order to be elected, while they realize that the programs won’t work and there are no funds to pay for them. Entitlements generally are easier given than taken away, and in the current state when there are so many unfunded entitlements it has become impossible to cut down without having civil unrests and revolutions, which is what is being experienced in Greece. Many already believe that the situation has gotten so bad that civil unrests are inevitable. As bad as it sounds that could actually be true, that said we need to prepare for the worst and hope for the best. Before anything can be fixed partisan politics need to end. Politicians are called politicians for a reason and quite frankly it is difficult to believe that they will stop being politicians and start being problem solvers and yet again we hope for the best.

A Partial Writedown Of the Debts Incurred By Countries Of The South Is Generous

If the debts are cancelled will the countries of the South immediately apply for new debts? I suspect the answer is ‘yes’. And what then? Will you be asking again in a few years for another write down of the debts? Probably! You can hardly expect banks to suffer a write down of their assets just because a country has borrowed more than it can afford to repay. To think it is to be very one-sided. After all, I have a business producing gifts with the customer’s coat of arms, if I want to buy more equipment to enlarge my business, I can’t turn to the bank in a couple of years and ask them to cancel the debt while I continue in business selling my coats of arms. Get real!

There are already moves to cancel a proportion of country’s debts, enough to bring the debts down to a manageable level so that repayments can be made without undue suffering by the respective country’s people. For me that is enough, and it is generous. At the end of the day it is the banks’ shareholders who have to shoulder the loss, and shareholders are mostly individuals who are saving for retirement; ordinary people who you have no right to ask to bear huge losses because of the bad management exercised by most leaders of Southern countries.

Combine your loans and lower your debt

Many people these days got several different loans. Paul from Lån has been interviewing over a thousand people the last two years, with regards to where they take a loan and what type of loans they usually apply for. It turned out that in average a person had 2.4 loans and most of the times it was a loan with a very high interest level. A lot of these people could actually save a lot of money every year and lower their debt by taking a new low interest loan and combining their loans into one. As you can see here at Lån it is possible to find a rather cheap loan online where the chances of getting accepted are a lot higher than at the normal banks. The problem with many of these online banks listed at Lån is that it is much too easy to get accepted for many of those online loans and suddenly you find yourself pay of on 3-4 different loans which can easily put you in a debt which can be hard to get out of.
The people from Lån has posted several articles with tips on how to avoid getting into debt by taking the wrong types of loans and other issues you should be aware of if you plan on apply for one of the many online loans. However the best way to stay out of debt it to save up to buy the things you need instead of just borrowing the money every time and don’t buy things you don’t really need which is actually one of the most common problems. People see something nice which they usually can’t afford then borrows the money it at the bank and buys it, a week or two later that item isn’t even interesting anymore but they still have to pay the rates from the loan for many more months. At Lån they seem to think that the way to avoid this trend is to educate people better about the dangers of loans and learn to value money better. Especially younger people with credit cards seems to get into debt a lot easier than the older more experienced people.

My Transition from Debt Hell to Credit Heaven – Was Most Usual

Before I begin I would like to state how important the work of this website is.  It strong stance on anti debt legislation, should be applauded and doubtlessly helps thousands of vulnerable people avoid and reduce debt misery every month.

Now a bit about my story, after almost twenty years operating company of that handled carpet cleaning Glasgow. I thought I was well versed in cash flow and the perils of compound interest.  Sadly when I sold by carpet cleaning business, something strange came over me and I temorally lost all sense of money and value.  So, quickly I got used to having money and being able to throw it about. When previously I had watched every penny and meticulously recorded every singe bottle of carpet shampoo that I purchased, all of a sudden I was throwing money away.

I gave far too much money away to relatives and friends.  Anyone that I vauguely knew who came to me with a sob story or half a busness plan was walking away with a cheque.  I got so used to this that slowly I began to believe that if I didn’t give my money away people would dislike me and start talking about me.

This unhealthy correlation between spending money and affection grew and grew.  When my money was almost spend, it really began to bite and gnaw away at me.  I became paranoid that if the rounds of drinks down the pub, the holidays for family members and the charitable gifts dried up, my friends would turn on me.  Looking back I took the unbelievable step of borrowing money to continue the spending.  After I spend a vast amount of money that literally took me a life time to earn, I foolishly borrowed the same amount of money again.  Knowing at some level I would never be able to repay it.

As you can imagine it all back fired and my friends did turn on me when the cheques started bouncing and investment in their companies never materialised.  I paid the price and eventually learnt my lesson through this website.

I urge your to take head of this advice.

Debt and Wineries

Wineries aren’t one of the businesses that most of us think would be in an inordinate amount of debt are they?

In fact, the process of growing grapes isn’t extraordinarily expensive.  The most expensive wine gift in California can cost hundreds of dollars per bottle, but it only costs the winery about $4,000 to farm an acre of land.

So where does all the debt come from?

Land of course.  It’s easy and cheap to farm, but you’ve got to buy that land from someone and most wine regions are already well established. In Napa Valley less than an acre of land will cost you about a million bucks.

Now, does it make sense where the debt comes from?  When it comes to wine, land costs are the eqivalent to government entitlement programs like social security and medicare.

IMF and the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997

Another example of the reckless and damaging policies of the IMF can be seen by how they help to create and then worsen the Asian Financial Crisis that started in the summer of 1997. It was Malaysia that refused IMF assistance and ignored their advice who escaped the crisis with far less damage than Thailand, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.

The Asian Financial Crisis started in Thailand and quickly spread to many other countries in Asia as traders desperately tried to pull their money out of the region.

There are numerous reasons for the meltdown in Thailand including property speculation, but the main reason was the reliance of the Thai government on high interest short-term loans and their openness to ‘hot money’. Both these foolish policies were initiated after advising with the IMF.

It is almost tempting to think that the IMF wanted the Thai currency and other currencies in the region to collapse to cause a panic so that people moved their money back into dollars.

After the crisis started, Thailand and other countries asked for IMF assistance. Despite these countries running regular budget surpluses the IMF insisted that Thailand, Indonesia etc. rein in public spending and cut funding for much needed infrastructure projects, education and social projects. The result of doing this was only to lengthen the recession in the Asian countries; cutting spending slows down an economy.

It is amazing that the Asian countries agreed to this bad advice as most of the debt was to private debtors and not to Sovereign States. They also agreed to guarantee the debts made to private banks.

Malaysia in contrast refused IMF help and instead of opening its economy imposed capital controls to stop currency speculation. Even the IMF admits that in hindsight this was a smart move as Malaysia quickly recovered.

The only plus side to the Asian Financial Crisis was that the Thai Baht, Indonesian Rupiah and Philippine Peso suddenly became very cheap and lots of tourists arrived in Phuket, Koh Samui, Khao Lak, Manila and Jakarta. People could suddenly afford to stay in boutique hotels in Bangkok and experience the many interesting things to do in Bangkok, for example.

This introduced lots of people to the joys of traveling in Thailand, Indonesia and East Asia and probably helped in making the region the thriving tourist destination it is today.

IMF Gets Rich on Gold


The International Monetary Fund completed the sale of 403.3 tons of gold on December 22nd, 2010. What a Christmas present that was for the leading bankers behind the fund. Gold prices were at historic highs. From the sale of the gold the IMF made $3.5 billion more than it had originally projected.

Out of this windfall the IMF has chosen to give a measly $900 million in low interest debts to countries struggling.

The IMF and other ‘non-governmental’ entities that are ostensibly meant to help the plight of the world’s poorest are really just institutions designed to make a profit. They are also often a way of elite groups in positions of power to use influence through the persuasive powers of offering charity with strings attached. The fact that the IMF could make such a vast amount of money from buying and selling gold clearly casts the organization in its true light – namely, a self-serving group of financiers with an agenda to get rich and grab power.

Often it is the case that developing countries in the south have stagnant and struggling economies through no fault of their own. Natural disasters and the far-reaching effects of the global financial crisis have meant that several poor nations find themselves unable to make debt repayments.

It is immoral that the IMF has not responded by cancelling debt, reducing interest rates and delaying payment schedules. They have set up provision for countries like Haiti to be relieved of their debt burden, but a country needs to be as severely economically devastated as Haiti is to qualify for this assistance.

IMF is far from transparent. It is very unclear who they sold the 403 tons of gold to. Moreover, since American banks are virtually insolvent it is hard to see how the IMF continues to operate, and how it continues to maintain any degree of credibility. As the commentator in the video above points out, the IMF is essentially using the debts it holds as leverage to gain control of the assets of countries like Ireland, Spain and Greece which they will then sell at an incredible profit to themselves and their friends. At the same the time, the official coffers will be empty, especially when the south asks for assistance.

Market efficiency and the global debt crisis: is debt relief really necessary?

If we look at the global debt crisis the main problem is the lack of transparency among banks and reporting standard making it difficult to make a good comparison. The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) was developed to explain different types of market efficiency. In the economic theory the Efficient Market Hypothesis says that in a financial market, where we know everything the market is perfect and complete. In such a perfect and homogenous world, as Modigliani and Miller (1961) like to describe it, the only factors that can impact the future value of a company are the investments and its return on its assets.In the recent paper “The Global Financial Crisis and the Efficient Market Hypothesis: What Have We Learned?” by Ray Ball of the University of Chicago the current crisis in relation to the EMH is further discussed.

But the question still remains if we can defuse the global debt crisis with debt relief? In the financial markets there are different forces at play and different theories available explaining part of the working of financial markets. Modigliani and Miller (1958, 1961) have already described the situation of perfect capital markets where there are no market imperfections. In the real world there are many market imperfections that influence the efficiency of financial markets. Therefore there are no arbitrage opportunities and there is no information asymmetry between different investors. The past decades due to rapid technological development such as the wide use of internet, information has become more widely and faster available.

Technological developments such internet have made our lives easier as, for example we no longer need social circles to meet people; we can just create a new social circle online with either Facebook, Myspace or in the case we look for a new love using online dating sites we have found on the internet. An example where we can both combine market efficiency and online dating site example is the share price of Meetic, the largest online dating portal in Europe that is listed on the Paris Euronext stock exchange, that gets both a lot of traffic via Google Search and via direct traffic.

We can see the Google.fr ranking the site has, so it is publically available information as well as the potential client base they have as the amount of people logging into the Meetic sites across Europe. Additionally we can look into the retention rate (how long members stay as members) and activity rate of users (how many messages an average member sends), which we can find in the annual reports. Thus with the publically available information we can calculate the actual market value of the dating site Meetic. This has made many investors more knowledgeable and better informed about financial news hitting the markets.

As explained with the above example the key to understanding the true value of the market valuation of a company and its debt (with its bankruptcy/default risk) included is transparency. I personally strongly encourage companies to become more transparent so we can actually avoid the discussion of mutual debt relief which can only temporarily solve the problem. The best solution to defusing the global debt crisis is to promote more transparency in financial reporting so we can better assess the risks a company or country has. And in case we have tracked down holes in a company’s pockets, we can easily mend these pockets so financial distress can be avoided. So, I urge all companies around the world as well as countries to become more transparent!

The IMF and Tourism

The revenue from tourism has grown exponentially since the 1960s. The importance of tourism has been recognized by the IMF and part of what they see as a successful economy. Accordingly, the IMF has set preconditions for receiving loans. These preconditions are set out in SAPs – structural adjustment programs. SAPs are far from innocuous, and one group that have been negatively impacted are indigenous peoples.

According to the World Tourism Organization in the 1950s 25 million people traveled abroad. In the 1960s this number was 70 million and in 1997 the number of people going to a foreign country jumped to 617 million. In terms of revenue in the 1960s tourism generated revenues in the region of US$ 6.8 billion. By 1997 that number was US$448 billion.

If a developing country wants to receive a loan from the IMF it must make certain changes. These include moving from an agricultural to an industrial and service based economy, to liberalizing the economy and to removing trade barriers. The latter policy allows transnational companies to move in and buy valuable resources in developing countries. In short, to receive desperately needed financial help countries must be prepared to see their markets and resources taken over by multinationals.

In terms of tourism, SAPs stipulate that a developing country must open up its nature reserves, build hotels and promote eco-tourism.

The result is that previously unvisited areas such as the forests and savannah lands of Africa, remote parts of the Philippines and many other places in world such as the Amazon and the islands off Koh Samui and Khao Lak that were once the home to indigenous peoples are being ‘invaded’ by tourists. Even though eco-tourism promises to tread lightly it still encourages indigenous people to leave their traditional occupations and work for tourism. Moreover, the wild life is scared by the tourists. Eco tourism disrupts patterns that have persisted for many thousands of years.

The promotion of tourism by the IMF is just another example of the pernicious influence of an organization whose primary goal is to further enrich banks and other financial institutions.

The Power of Pressure to Right Wrongs

Debt is one of the main instruments of control that the developed world have over poor developing countries. It is also of crucial importance in the Eurozone with the present crisis over Greek debt. In short, those who own the debt can make demands that are virtually impossible to refuse. The alternative is to default on debt. Defaulting is a disastrous policy as it makes future governments unable to borrow. In short, defaulting gives a country pariah status, and cripples social improvement programs.

What is commonly not understood about debt servicing by the average man or woman on the street is that it is a very, very lucrative business for a few banks and larger corporations. These monied institutions are keen to hide the fact that debt relief has reversed the flow of money. Because of interest, poor countries pay several times more than they borrowed in the past. The IMF and the World Bank are no better than loan sharks. Thanks to them, if you add all the money donated to Africa to the sum of money lent to African countries it would be less than the amount of money Africa has collectively paid to the ‘West’ in debt servicing. While people think that charity is not working in Africa, the truth is that aid agencies and NGOs have not been able to make a difference because of the crippling amount of debt that African countries have.

Debt is one of the main reasons why there have been running battles between the police and protestors outside World Bank and IMF meetings.

Realizing just how unpopular the topic of third world debt had made the International Monetary Fund the institution has sought to improve its public relations with its Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative that allowed them the discretion to cancel debt.

Liberia amassed a massive debt under the military dictatorship of Samuel Doe who came to power in a coup in 1980. The IMF was more than happy to lend money to the Doe regime. This money was spent on weapons and other means to consolidate power, not to help the people of Liberia. The IMF must have known full well how bloody the dictatorship of Samuel Doe was but they had no qualms lending it money. Nor did they expect the debt to ever be paid off.

After 14 years of bloody civil war the Doe regime eventually collapsed, and in 2005 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf won a fair election to become the leader of Liberia. When she did the country inherited a crippling debt of US$842 million to the IMF. With such a debt the chances of reconstruction were severely limited.

Liberia applied for debt cancellation through the HIPC initiative but the IMF dragged its heels.

It was mostly thanks to the 48,000 emails that the IMF received from ONE members calling for the cancellation of Liberia’s debt that anything was done. A full 2 years after Liberia gained democracy the IMF agreed to cancel the debt. During that time they continued to collect on the debt and endanger the fragile new democracy in the country.

One has to wonder that if the IMF had not been pressured by public opinion whether Liberia’s debt would have ever been cancelled. Clearly it is a matter of bringing the facts to light and organizing protests and petitions that will make the IMF keep its promises to help the poorest countries of the world. Otherwise it is business as usual.

For more information on this story: http://www.one.org/c/us/pastcampaign/105/

Social responsibility and the current debt crisis

A lot of people think that the recent debt crisis is due to a lack of social responsibility and that an even greater debt problem looms over the horizon. Economic experts today are divided as to what the solution should be, as the solutions being advocated today will benefit one industry while destroying another. For example, the banking industry is advocating for increased credit and thus spending to pay back previous debts while on the other side of the spectrum, Austrian economists state that an increase in credit further exacerbates the debt problem.

Recently the rate of bankruptcy has increased considerably and therefore lenders are making an effort to cooperate with credit repair businesses in order to avoid such scenarios. Fear and greed cripples the marketplace and traders don’t know what to do, or even what to say to the general public. This in turn evokes uncertainty and is causing credit card usage to soar to record levels. This public mentality can be seen in the general rise of impulse buying where consumers purchase goods like cheerleading uniforms as opposed to purchasing assets that will yield a return on an investment. The amount of debt fueled by easy credit will take a toll on society once our ability to produce can no longer sustain the interest payments incurred by debt.

Financial institutions have a responsibility to the general public by laying down the foundations of what can and cannot be borrowed. In turn, we as a society are responsible for the actions we take and ultimately we are the ones that will determine how the debt crisis ends.

Learn To Be Careful With Your Money During The Hard Times

Being in debt can be one of the most soul destroying things that can happen to you but more and more people are not being careful enough with their money.  In times of good fortune it seems that not enough of us are putting our pennies away for a harder, rainy day. Isn’t it a wise move to keep some money back instead of spending it on needless items that never get used?  Sometimes I feel like everyone thinks the world is meant to be run with plastic cards – credit for this, getting in debt for that, when and where does it end?!

A great example of this is my best friend George.  For the last 15 years of his life, George has worked for a bank and has been extremely comfortable.  His home is probably worth double what mine is and he has always had an eye for all the latest gadgets.  This was all well and good but recently George got made redundant and by all accounts got a very nice payout but he told me the other day that if he doesn’t get a job within one month he may well have to sell his home and a lot of his possessions.

In the same conversation, he also told me that he had just bought a brand new Concept2 model D rowing machine for his home gym!  I really don’t understand the mans logic.  I don’t know if it is just male bravado talking whilst having a pint in the pub but something is definitely amiss.

Personal Responsibility the Answer to World Financial Woes

Lost in much of the conversation about the issues that impede the world economy is the concept of personal financial responsibility.  The sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States, for example was blamed largely on banks giving loans to unqualified consumers.  What about the responsibility of consumers themselves to not take out a loan they may have a hard time paying back?

It’s important that consumers take charge of their own financial well-being.  A compound interest calculator is a great way for people to understand how money compounds and how loan interest can really grow over time.

A compound interest calculator allows you to take charge of your finances. If you are borrowing money, you have to understand exactly how much you are going to have to pay back. For investors, it is just as important to be able to work out what return you will get on your money.

You need to be aware of the difference between simple and compound interest. Simple interest accrues interest on the amount lent or invested (the principal) at an agreed rate. With compound interest, interest is added to the principal in each compounding period, and itself earns interest in the next period. Interest can be compounded on a daily, monthly, quarterly, or annual basis.

The total amount of money grows more quickly with compound than with simple interest. The type of interest is therefore an important factor to take into account when making financial decisions. Investors should take careful note of the interest rate offered, as well as whether it is compound or simple, and the basis of compounding. They can then use one of the many online compound interest calculators available to compare the different products on offer.

Checking the total amount payable becomes even more important when you are taking out a loan. This is particularly true if you are making an important purchasing decision, such as buying a house, which will involve a large amount of money over a long period of time. Both you and the lender need to be sure that you will be able to afford the payments, and this is why it is essential to work out the total amount you will have to pay. Remember that you will pay a greater amount if the loan is extended over a longer term.

Credit cards are another form of borrowing where you should be aware of exactly how much you are paying. If you do not pay the full amount owing each month, interest is added to the balance and compounded on a daily basis. Daily compound interest calculators are available to allow you to check the true cost of your finance.

Whatever the nature of the financial decisions you are making, it pays to be well informed. This means knowing the type of interest you are receiving or paying, and understanding how this will affect the end result. Always make sure that you use a compound interest calculator to help you make informed decisions.